“City Life Anymore…?”

Liquids
[l]- voiced, lateral, alveloar
[r]- voiced, retroflex, alveloar

Nasal
[m]- voiced, bilabial
[n]- voiced, alveloar
[ŋ]- voiced, velar

Affricates
[tʃ]- voiceless, palatal
[dʒ]- voiced, palatal

Glides
[M]- voiceless, bilabial
[W]- voiced, bilabial
[j]- voiced, bilabial

Stops
[p]- voiceless, bilabial
[b]- voiced, bilabial
[t]- voiceless, alveloar
[d]- voiced, alveolar
[k]- voiceless, velar
[g]- voiced, velar

Fricatives
[f]- voiceless, labiodental
[v]- voiced, labiodental
[θ]- voiceless, interdental
[ð]- voiced, interdental
[s]- voiceless, alveloar
[z]- voiced, alveolar
[ʃ]- voiceless, palatal
[ʒ] - voiced, palatal
[h]- voiced, glottal

a Key to Places of Articulation

Bilabials: Bring both lips together.
Labiodentals: When the bottom touch the upper teeth.
Interdentals: With the tongue between the teeth.

Alveolars: With the tongue raised, touching the alveolar ridge in various ways.
Palatals: Raising the front part of the tongue to the palate, farther back from the alveolar ridge.
Velars: Raising the back of the tongue to the velum, farther past the palate.

Glottals: Air flowing through the open glottis out the open mouth. ex: [h]

4. Alveolar
7. Palatal
8. Velar
11. Glottal

Manners of Articulation

Stop: Complete closure of the mouth. The sound is not produced until the mouth opens.
Nasals: Same as a stop (complete closure of mouth) but with air escaping through the nose.

Fricatives: Friction. No complete closure of the mouth, thus you can prolong the sound.
Affricates: The combo of a stop and a fricative.

Glides: When the tongue glides from the back of the palate to the alveolar ridge.
Liquids: Only 2 and both have a psychological reality. [l] and[r]